Optimal. Leaf size=411 \[ \frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (-\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.28, antiderivative size = 411, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.350, Rules used = {1422, 200, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \[ \frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (-\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 31
Rule 200
Rule 204
Rule 617
Rule 628
Rule 634
Rule 1422
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^3}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx &=\frac {1}{6} \left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx-\frac {1}{6} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ &=-\frac {\left (i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.01, size = 57, normalized size = 0.14 \[ -\frac {1}{3} \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^6-\text {$\#$1}^3+1\& ,\frac {\text {$\#$1}^3 \log (x-\text {$\#$1})-\log (x-\text {$\#$1})}{2 \text {$\#$1}^5-\text {$\#$1}^2}\& \right ] \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [B] time = 1.12, size = 1031, normalized size = 2.51 \[ \text {result too large to display} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [B] time = 0.72, size = 637, normalized size = 1.55 \[ \text {result too large to display} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.00, size = 44, normalized size = 0.11 \[ \frac {\left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{3}+1\right ) \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )+x \right )}{6 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{5}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{2}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ -\int \frac {x^{3} - 1}{x^{6} - x^{3} + 1}\,{d x} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 2.30, size = 319, normalized size = 0.78 \[ \frac {\ln \left (x-\frac {\left (-\frac {27}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,9{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,{\left (-36-\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{54}\right )\,{\left (-36-\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}+\frac {\ln \left (x+\frac {\left (\frac {27}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,9{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,{\left (-36+\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{54}\right )\,{\left (-36+\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{2/3}\,{\left (-3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (\frac {3\,\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,{\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^3}{16}+27\right )}{108}\right )\,{\left (-3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{2/3}\,{\left (-3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (\frac {3\,\left (-3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,{\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^3}{16}-27\right )}{108}\right )\,{\left (-3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (-3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )\,{\left (-3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (-3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )\,{\left (-3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 0.18, size = 26, normalized size = 0.06 \[ - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (19683 t^{6} - 243 t^{3} + 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (729 t^{4} - 9 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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